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GRE has a protocol field that identifies the passenger protocol. interfaces are not tied to specific passenger or transport protocols, but, or distributed This is described in RFC 3147. We will apply configuration from the Cisco IOS sample . RP/0/RP0/CPU0:router(config-if)# tunnel source Ethernet0/1/1/2. First of all, we need to configure the Network Interfaces on both of the Routers. Use the key-number argument to identify a tunnel key that is carried in each packet. Fast Ethernet interface 0/1 is the tunnel source for Router B and the tunnel destination for Router A. GRE tunneling of IPv4 and IPv6 packets through CLNS networks enables Cisco CLNS tunnels (CTunnels) to interoperate with networking equipment from other vendors. RBSCP has been designed to preserve the end-to-end model and provide performance improvements over the satellite link without using a PEP solution. Below the table, each carrier protocol is defined, and if the tunnel configuration is not covered within this module, a link to the appropriate module is included. IPv6 manually configured tunnels can share the same source interface because a manual tunnel is a "point-to-point" link, and both the IPv4 source and IPv4 destination of the tunnel are defined. Use the mpls keyword to specify that MPLS will be used for configuring Traffic Engineering (TE) tunnels. Their use causes the same data The CTunnel source and destination must both be configured to run in the same mode. To build a tunnel, a tunnel interface must be defined on each of two routers and the tunnel interfaces must reference each other. On the client side, customers can use Cisco VPN 3000 Client or any other third-party IPSec client software SSL protects confidential information through the use of cryptography. If a packet that enters the tunnel encounters a link with a smaller MTU, the packet is dropped and an ICMP message is sent back to the sender of the packet. Configure the VPN to use its peer IP as its identifier instead of your ASA's hostname. If GRE keepalive is configured on both sides of the tunnel, the period and retries arguments can be different at each side of the link. To configure a tunnel, use tunnel for the type argument. To configure a tunnel to carry IPv6 data packets, review the "Overlay Tunnels for IPv6" section and proceed to one of the following tasks: "Configuring Manual IPv6 Tunnels" section, "Configuring IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Tunnels" section. RBSCP is implemented using a tunnel interface as shown in Figure8. When GRE/IPv6 tunnels are configured, IPv6 addresses are assigned to the tunnel source and the tunnel destination. Tunnel-IPSec interfaces on the RP. RP Carrier protocolThe protocol that does the encapsulating. This command is required for both static Enables IP processing on an interface without assigning an explicit IP address. Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a network protocol that enables the secure transfer of data from a remote client enterprise server by creating a VPN across TCP/IP data networks. 2. show interfaces tunnel number [accounting]. Note See the "Configuring Basic Connectivity for IPv6" module for more information on configuring IPv6 addresses. When PMTUD (RFC 1191) is enabled on a tunnel interface, the router performs PMTUD processing for the GRE (or IP-in-IP) tunnel IP packets. For more details about IPv6 as a passenger protocol with GRE/IPv4, see the "GRE/IPv4 Tunnel Support for IPv6 Traffic" section. endobj Multipoint tunnels use the Next Hop Resolution Protocol (NHRP) in the same way that a Frame Relay multipoint interface uses information obtained by the reverse ARP mechanism to learn the Layer 3 addresses of the remote data-link connection identifiers (DLCIs). The documentation set for this product strives to use bias-free language. On your router, configure network address translation from the Incapsula Protected IP to your current server IP. They are RFC 1918 addresses which have been used in a lab environment. Let's see if both routers can reach each other: Branch#ping 192.168.13.1 Type escape sequence to abort. The interface identifier is created in modified EUI-64 format in which the first 32 bits contain the value 000:5EFE to indicate that the address is an IPv6 ISATAP address. For more details about UDLR tunneling, see Cisco IOS IP Multicast Configuration Guide, Release 12.4. In 12.0(23)S, this feature was introduced. The VRF associated with the tunnel by using the ip vrf forwarding command is the VRF that the packets are to be forwarded in as the packets exit the tunnel (inner IP packet routing). After the task is completed on the router on the other side of the satellite link, proceed to the "Verifying RBSCP Tunnel Configuration and Operation" section. Enables the sending of IPv6 router advertisements to allow client autoconfiguration. shown. If the retransmission is successful, it prevents lost frame events from reaching the end host where congestion procedures would be enabled. Generic routing encapsulation (GRE) is defined in RFC 2784. To address the problem of TCP being kept in a slow start mode when a satellite link is used, a disruptive performance enhancing proxy (PEP) solution is often introduced into the network. 172.16.1.1 Now both networks (192.168.1./24 and 192.168.2./24) are able to freely communicate with each other over the GRE Tunnel . Use the ipv6ip keyword to specify that IPv6 will be used as the passenger protocol and IPv4 as both the carrier (encapsulation) and transport protocol. In fact, the packets going through the tunnel will still be traveling across Router A, B, and C, but they must also travel to Router D before coming back to Router C. If routing is not carefully configured, the tunnel may have a recursive routing problem. Enables privileged EXEC mode. The commands contained in the task steps can be used in any sequence and may need to be repeated. There are three necessary steps in configuring a tunnel interface: Specify the tunnel interface interface tunnel-ipsecidentifier. Figure3 Providing Workarounds for Networks with Limited Hop Counts. In this section, you are presented with the information to configure the features described in this document. hZ+pU- ,d"2@J|LwL`-ra7dz:vaf0I\FaB^~"*jQ`?G?Cs/7Z$Q9y]sHki(?Xm4#?v,pI.$ABfQ|Va0O=XPy.\Kj%@_rl Y?xeuzeXq,')/4{N]pYA5#U9D As with other tunnel mechanisms, appropriate entries in a Domain Name System (DNS) that map between hostnames and IP addresses for both IPv4 and IPv6 allow the applications to choose the required address. You must be in a user group associated with a task group that includes the proper task IDs. configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain within the Use the hostname argument to specify the name of the host destination. This document describes how to configure a policy-based VPN (site-to-site) over Internet Key Exchange (IKEv1) between two Cisco routers (Cisco IOS or Cisco IOS XE), which allows users to access resources across the sites over an IPsec VPN tunnel. Opening the congestion window results in increased bandwidth becoming available. Table7 Feature Information for Implementing Tunnels. A UDLR tunnel is a mechanism for unicast and multicast traffic; Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) UDLR is a related technology for multicast traffic. Cisco IOS IP Routing Protocols Command Reference, Release 12.4. The ctunnel mode gre command provides a method of tunneling that is compliant with RFC 3147 and should allow tunneling between Cisco equipment and third-party networking devices. This module describes the various types of tunneling techniques available using Cisco IOS software. Manually configured tunnels can be configured between border routers or between a border router and a host. GRE over an IPv6 network (GRE/IPv6)GRE is the carrier protocol, and IPv6 is the transport protocol. Many tunneling techniques are implemented using technology-specific commands, and links are provided to the appropriate technology modules. Apply the child policy as a command under the parent policy because admission control for the child class is done according to the shaping rate for the parent class. 2022 Cisco and/or its affiliates. Overlay tunneling encapsulates IPv6 packets in IPv4 packets for delivery across an IPv4 infrastructure (a core network or the Internet). Unlike encapsulation, tunneling allows a lower-layer protocol, or same-layer protocol, to be carried through the tunnel. Simple point-to-point tunnels that can be used within a site or between sites. Use this command only when the RTT measured between the two routers nearest to the satellite links is greater than 700 milliseconds. Note This is a routing parameter only; it does not affect the physical interface. The Cisco Technical Support website contains thousands of pages of searchable technical content, including links to products, technologies, solutions, technical tips, and tools. Perform this task to configure a CTunnel in GRE mode to transport IPv4 and IPv6 packets in a CLNS network. y0\E$@b2BjFxA}(QaEw~^3%Z?\coWcTVf(qn{~PxG?e> f,yW#-4RT,f7uY"-\G5cb'a<4taYAyX@i `U_T9_$amQQn[SwlR?UtO^pgg[[wc}m9t yYSqIHHP vqv.G4TZq4MEYf[ZL'z*SLge8 The ISO Connectionless Network Service (CLNS) protocol is a standard for the network layer of the OSI model. IPv6 is described initially in RFC 2460, Internet Protocol, Version 6 (IPv6). The IPSec daemon is running on both the RPs and the R2 (config)#crypto isakmp policy 1 For more details on GTS, see the "Regulating Packet Flow Using Traffic Shaping" chapter of the Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide, Release 12.4. This task explains how to configure an IPv4-compatible IPv6 overlay tunnel. For more details about configuring L2F, see the Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Configuration Guide, Release 12.4. commit. If you choose to configure both of these tunnel types on the same router, we strongly recommend that they not share the same tunnel source. ISATAP tunnels allow individual IPv4/IPv6 dual-stack hosts within a site to communicate with other such hosts on the same virtual link, basically creating an IPv6 network using the IPv4 infrastructure. For more details about configuring DLSw+, see the "Configuring Data-Link Switching Plus" chapter in Part 2 of the Cisco IOS Bridging and IBM Networking Configuration Guide, Release 12.4. Specifies the interface type and number and enters interface configuration mode. You can specify the rate at which keepalives will be sent and the number of times that a device will continue to send keepalive packets without a response before the interface becomes inactive. The interface address is generated as ::tunnel-source/96, An IPv6 address. It can To configure a tunnel to carry IP data packets, proceed to the "Configuring a GRE Tunnel" section. View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices, If you have configured an automatic 6to4 tunnel, you can design your, "Feature Information for Implementing Tunnels" section, Configuring Serial Tunnel and Block Serial Tunnel", Configuring Security for VPNs with IPSec", Cisco IOS Dial Technologies Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS IP Multicast Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS IP Mobility Configuration Guide, "GRE/IPv4 Tunnel Support for IPv6 Traffic" section, "GRE/CLNS Tunnel Support for IPv4 and IPv6 Packets" section, "Configuring QoS Options on Tunnel Interfaces: Examples" section, "Configuring GRE/CLNS CTunnels to Carry IPv4 and IPv6 Packets" section, "Configuring Manual IPv6 Tunnels" section, "Configuring IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Tunnels" section, Cisco IOS Interface and Hardware Component Command Reference, "Verifying Tunnel Configuration and Operation" section, "Implementing Basic Connectivity for IPv6", "Configuring Basic Connectivity for IPv6", "Verifying RBSCP Tunnel Configuration and Operation" section, "Regulating Packet Flow Using Traffic Shaping", "Modular Quality of Service Command-Line Interface", Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS IP Addressing Services Command Reference, Cisco IOS IP Application Services Command Reference, Cisco IOS IP Routing Protocols Command Reference, "Configuring Multiprotocol Label Switching", Cisco IOS Switching Services Configuration Guide. Configuring the IPSec Tunnel on Cisco Router 2 Now, we already described all the parameters used in the IPSec tunnel. use the specified policy during connection or security association negotiation The tunnel interface is not tied to specific "passenger" or "transport" protocols, but, rather, it is an architecture that is designed to provide the services necessary to implement any standard point-to-point encapsulation scheme. Tunnel type of service (ToS) allows you to tunnel your network traffic and group all your packets in the same specific ToS byte value. Configure this feature only when the satellite link is not using all the available bandwidth. The RBSCP tunnel can generate an SCTP packet-dropped report for packets dropped across the satellite but not as a result of congestion loss. Refer to the Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document conventions. For more details on QoS policing, see the Cisco IOS Quality of Service Solutions Configuration Guide, Release 12.4. Client-Initiated L2TPv2 Tunnel with ISR4000 That Acts as a Server Configuration Example. Therefore, overlay tunnels that connect isolated IPv6 networks should not be considered as a final IPv6 network architecture. The default tunneling mode is GRE. Router B has Ethernet interface 0/0 configured as the source for tunnel interface 1 with an IPv4 address of 10.0.0.2 and an IPv6 prefix of 2001:0DB8:1111:2222::2/64. DMVPN Phase 3 configuration with BGP . The following example configures a 6to4 tunnel on a border router in an isolated IPv6 network. Tunnel mode and transport mode. will flow. no exits the configuration session and returns the For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. Satellite links have several characteristics that affect the performance of IP protocols over the link. 12.0(23)S12.3(2)T12.2(33)SRB12.2(31)SB512.4(15)T. Allows you to configure the source and destination of a tunnel to belong to any VPN VRF table. Step2 show interfaces tunnel number [accounting]. Compliance with this RFC should allow interoperation between Cisco equipment and that of other vendors in which the same standard is implemented. An automatic 6to4 tunnel allows isolated IPv6 domains to be connected over an IPv4 network to remote IPv6 networks. Table2 Suggested Usage of Tunnel Types to Carry IPv6 Packets over an IPv4 Network. The tunnel number specified in the ipv6 route command must be the same tunnel number specified in the interface tunnel command. Encapsulation is the process of adding headers to data at each layer of a particular protocol stack. The host or router at each end of a configured CTunnel must support both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks. Note The ctunnel mode gre command specifies GRE as the encapsulation protocol for the tunnel. Last configuration change at 18:37:18 UTC Tue Feb 24 2015upgrade fpd autoversion 15.1service timestamps debug datetime msecservice timestamps log datetime msecno . apply a crypto profile to each tunnel interface through which IPSec traffic Note: Refer to Important Information on Debug Commands before you use debug commands. Building configuration. The default bandwidth setting on a tunnel interface is 9.6 kbps. (Optional) Specifies the maximum segment size (MSS) for TCP connections that originate or terminate on a router. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.13.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Specifies the tunnel source IP address or At each router, the tunnel interface must be configured with a Layer 3 address. provide encapsulation of arbitrary packets within another transport protocol. The ISATAP router provides standard router advertisement network configuration support for the ISATAP site. Use the gre multipoint keywords to specify that multipoint GRE (mGRE) encapsulation will be used. (Optional) Specifies the tunnel destination Table4 shows the layout of an ISATAP address. This feature introduces CEF switching over multipoint GRE tunnels. To configure a CTunnel between a single pair of routers, a tunnel interface must be configured with an IP address, and a tunnel destination must be defined. For example, in the topology shown in Figure1, packets from Host 1 will appear to travel across networks w, t, and z to get to Host 2 instead of taking the path w, x, y, and z because the tunnel hop count appears shorter. ASA(config)# tunnel-group 2.2.2.2 type ipsec-l2l ASA(config)# tunnel-group 2.2.2.2 ipsec-attributes ASA(config)# ikev1 pre-shared-key {psk} Apply the crypto map to your outside interface. This means that the original IP packet will be encapsulated in a new IP packet and encrypted before it is sent out of the network. One of the disadvantages to using disruptive TCP PEP is the breaking of the end-to-end model. DRPs. Instead, you need to apply a hierarchical policy. Cisco IOS IP Application Services Command Reference, Release 12.4. A tunnel interface supports many of the same quality of service (QoS) features as a physical interface. IP version 6 (IPv6) is a new version of the Internet Protocol based on and designed as the successor to IP version 4. The following example shows a simple configuration of GRE tunneling. 5. ctunnel destination remote-nsap-address, 7. show interfaces ctunnel interface-number. However, if both the 6to4 tunnel and the IPv4-compatible tunnel share the same source interface, the router cannot determine the IPv6 tunnel interface to which it should assign the incoming packet. The second PEP receives the data from the satellite link and retransmits the data over separate TCP connections to the Internet. GRE tunnel keepalive is not supported in cases where virtual route forwarding (VRF) is applied to a GRE tunnel. To use the tunnel destination configuring the IPSec tunnel. The normal case for GRE tunnels is to have a static remote end ip address for each tunnel. Reporting dropped packets to SCTP provides better bandwidth use because RBSCP tells the SCTP implementation at the end hosts to retransmit the dropped packets and this prevents the end hosts from assuming that the network is congested. The 32 bits following the initial 2002::/16 prefix correspond to an IPv4 address assigned to the tunnel source. Any packets received that specify the use of these features will be dropped. Configuration details and examples are provided for the tunnel types that use physical or virtual interfaces. This optional task explains how to verify tunnel configuration and operation. To check that a route exists to the remote endpoint address, use the show ip route command. identify virtual interfaces. The different carrier protocols can be grouped according to the OSI layer model. An IPv4 or IPv6 address must be configured on a CTunnel interface, and manually configured CLNS addresses must be assigned to the CTunnel destination. For more detailed information about PMTUD, see the IP Fragmentation and PMTUD document. Proceed to the "Verifying Tunnel Configuration and Operation" section. 172.16.1.2 R2 (config)# ip route 192.168.1. (Optional) Set the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size of IP packets sent on an interface. the entries in the local crypto access list must be permitted by the peer's crypto access list. ISATAP uses unicast addresses that include a 64-bit IPv6 prefix and a 64-bit interface identifier. All rights reserved. The Cisco CLI Analyzer (registered customers only) supports certain show commands. IPv6 adds a much larger address space128 bitsand improvements such as a simplified main header and extension headers. Prerequisites Requirements There are no specific requirements for this document. Table6 shows how to determine the appropriate keyword to use with the tunnel mode command. The default CTunnel mode continues to use the standard Cisco encapsulation, which will tunnel only IPv4 packets. Tunnel-IPSec interfaces: Setting Global Lifetimes for IPSec Security Even the weather affects satellite links, causing a decrease in available bandwidth and an increase in RTT and packet loss. negotiation on behalf of traffic to be protected by crypto. This task explains how to configure the source and destination of a tunnel to belong to any virtual private network (VPN) routing/forwarding (VRFs) tables. These steps may be repeated at the other endpoint of the tunnel. The Tunnel-IPSec interface provides secure communications over otherwise Other management facilities can also be used, such as Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) and TFTP, which otherwise would not be available over a CLNS network. Configuring Tunnel Provisioning Policies - This step involves adding HER to the tunnel provisioning group, and defining policies that determine the mapping between FAR and HER (ASR . The following example configures a manual IPv6 tunnel between RouterA and RouterB. In the following example, Router 1 and Router 2 are configured to send traffic through an RBSCP tunnel over a satellite link. TCP will open a congestion window by one maximum transmission unit (MTU) for each TCP ACK received. Note The GRE tunnel keepalive feature should not be configured on a VRF tunnel. Perform this task to configure the RBSCP tunnel. destination {ip-address | This same dynamic Layer 3 tunneling transport can be used within IP networks to transport VPN traffic across service provider and enterprise networks, as well as to provide interoperability for packet transport between IP and MPLS VPNs. The end host that sends the packets is fooled into thinking that a larger window exists at the receiving end host and sends more traffic. So when a packet with an IPv4 protocol type of 41 arrives on an interface, that packet is mapped to an IPv6 tunnel interface on the basis of the IPv4 address. Note To prevent routing flaps, remember to configure the tunnel interface as passive if dynamic routing protocols are used. Specifies the destination NSAP address of the CTunnel, where the packets exit the tunnel. IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses are IPv6 unicast addresses that have zeros in the high-order 96 bits of the address and an IPv4 address in the low-order 32 bits. j@J?1p~220 )>VShu-?rVn;t>!7Q4>#O=c:V G D,LLv ]KD`1J-G$~L,;zaWL%Ec2Ph{)we`_Ko@fNfpp Use the ping command to diagnose basic network connectivity issues. Option A: NAT configuration. Specifies the tunnel bandwidth to be used to transmit packets. Tunneling encapsulates an AppleTalk packet inside the foreign protocol packet (AppleTalk inside GRE inside IP), which is then sent across the backbone to a destination router. Determine the tunnel mode command keyword, if appropriate. A virtual interface represents a logical packet Many tunneling techniques are implemented using technology-specific commands, and links are provided to the appropriate technology modules. The tunnel interface can have either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses assigned (this is not shown in the task below). (ip-address | Routing Configuration Guide, Cisco IOS XE Fuji 16.9.x (Catalyst 9200 Switches) Configuring Generic Routing Encapsulation(GRE) Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRF Membership . Previously, Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) IP tunnels required the IP tunnel destination to be in the global routing table. debug crypto isakmp - Displays the ISAKMP negotiations of Phase 1. debug crypto ipsec - Displays the IPsec negotiations of Phase 2. each transport, see the Implementing IPSec Network Security on Use the kbps argument to set the bandwidth, in kilobits per second (kbps). Cisco 1800 Series Integrated Services Routers, Technical Support & Documentation - Cisco Systems, Name of the crypto map and sequence number, Name of the ACL applied along with the local and remote proxy identities, Interface on which the crypto map is binded. If your network is live, ensure that you understand the potential impact of any command. The following example configures a GRE tunnel running both IS-IS and IPv6 traffic between RouterA and RouterB. Cisco IOS IP Addressing Services Command Reference, Release 12.4. Keepalive packets can be configured to be sent over IP-encapsulated GRE tunnels. detailed information about user groups and task IDs, see the Note See the "Implementing Basic Connectivity for IPv6" module for more information on configuring IPv6 addresses. A network that uses overlay tunnels is difficult to troubleshoot. An FA is a router on a foreign network that assists the MN in informing its HA of its current care-of address. This task describes how to configure an ISATAP overlay tunnel. Use the gre ipv6 keywords to specify that GRE encapsulation over IPv6 will be used.
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