CNB = Cuiab, Brazil Later renamed, Landsat 1 became the first earth-observing satellite explicitly designed to study planet Earth. The current USGS Landsat 7 extended operations plan is to continue acquiring science data through the end of September 2022, when the mean local crossing time will be around 8:35 AM. Official websites use .gov Satellite imaging of the Earth surface is of sufficient public utility that many countries maintain satellite imaging programs. TM - across-track direction The satellite carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor. that has been processed by LACS Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Landsat-7 ETM+ radiometric calibration status, Radiometric cross calibration of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), Regional estimates of reef carbonate dynamics and productivity Using Landsat 7 ETM+, and potential impacts from ocean acidification, Landsat sensor performance: history and current status, The Landsat 7 mission: terrestrial research and applications for the 21st century, Landsat 5/Landsat 7 underfly cross-calibration experiment, Landsat Archive Adds Its 10 Millionth Image, Orbits the Earth at 705 km (438 mi) in a sun-synchronous, near-polar orbit (98.2 degrees inclination), Has a 16-day repeat cycle with an equatorial crossing time: 10:00 a.m. (+/- 15 minutes), Acquired on the Worldwide Reference System-2 (WRS-2) path/row system, with swath overlap (or sidelap) varying from 7 percent at the Equator to a maximum of approximately 85 percent at extreme latitudes, Power provided by a single Sun-tracking solar array and two 50 Ampere-Hour (AHr), Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) batteries, Attitude control provided through four reaction wheels (pitch, yaw, roll, and skew); three 2-channel gyros with celestial drift updating; a static Earth sensor; a 1750 processor; and torque rods and magnetometers for momentum uploading, Orbit control and backup momentum unloading provided through a blow-down monopropellant hydrazine system with a single tank containing 270 pounds of hydrazine, associated plumbing, and twelve 1-pound-thrust jets, Direct Downlink with Solid State Recorders (SSR). The 12-bit data are scaled to 16-bit integers and delivered in the Level-1 data products. OHA = OHiggins, Antarctica TMR_RCC SEK = Seoul, South, Korea -1, 1, 2, 3, etc. TIRS Blackbody Temperature Sweep Spot Image is also the exclusive distributor of data from the high resolution Pleiades satellites with a resolution of 0.50 meter or about 20inches. Values: Official websites use .gov TIRS_MISSION This product has scene based framing and is not projected to a cartographic projection. Nearly 10,000 scenes were acquired by OLI/TIRS after launch (February 11, 2013) through April 10, 2013, when the satellite achieved operational orbit (WRS-2). -180.0000000 through +180.0000000 degrees, -180.0000000 through +180.0000000 degrees, Values: mission WVIII also carries a short wave infrared sensor and an atmospheric sensor[11]. With 14-bit radiometric resolution, Landsat 9 can differentiate more than 16,000 shades of a given wavelength; Landsat 8 provides 12-bit data and 4,096 shades. Radiometric resolution 7-8 = Good (minor quality issues and/or errors detected), Values: LBG = Libreville, Gabon Landsat 1 data led to immediate and fundamental changes to practices of the cartographic and geographic communities. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. 1.2.6.4. Later renamed, Landsat 1 became the first earth-observing satellite explicitly designed to study planet Earth. Official websites use .gov Eyes on Earth is a podcast on remote sensing, Earth observation, land change and science, brought to you by the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. After a pause of about 7 Find some of this satellite's observation in this interactive map! LXSS_LLLL_PPPRRR_YYYYMMDD_yyyymmdd_CC_TX, Example: LE07_L1SP_029030_20140715_20140805_02_T1, Format: RETURN BEAM VIDICON (RBV) RBV have high spatial resolution and geometric accuracy but lower spectral and radiometric resolution. G = Good source archived at EROS In other words, a higher radiometric resolution allows for simultaneous observation of high and low contrast objects in the scene. 184 = Equator (Ascending) This series continued with the nearly identical sensor on Landsat-5, launched in 1984. SGP = Singapore 7 = Landsat satellite #7 0.00 - 100.00 Landsat 5 was permanently placed into bumper mode May 1, 2002. DJK = Daejeon, Korea This product is a simulated natural color composite image created from three selected bands (11, 8A, 4) with a ground resolution of 20 meters. At an altitude of 705 km, a full surface scan by Landsat 7 takes 232 turns, or 16 days. These data are also visible and can be downloaded fromEarthExplorerorGloVis. TOF = Toulouse, France A number of papers were written about the Landsat 7 Scan Line Corrector: Landsat 7 Scan Line Corrector Processing Algorithm Theoretical Basis, Landsat 7 SLC Gap-Filled Products Phase One Methodology, Landsat 7 SLC-off Gap-Filled Products Phase Two Methodology, Evaluation of L7 Gap-filled SLC-OFF Imagery for Burn Severity Mapping. Radiometric resolution is defined as the ability of an imaging system to record many levels of brightness (contrast for example) and to the effective bit-depth of the sensor (number of grayscale levels) and is typically expressed as 8-bit (0255), 11-bit (02047), 12-bit (04095) or 16-bit (065,535). S = Archive data not currently in orderable status; they are in a spare status. These images contain 5 visible and near-infrared (VNIR) bands and 2 short-wave infrared (SWIR) bands processed to orthorectified surface reflectance, and one thermal infrared (TIR) band processed With the higher radiometric resolution, Landsat 9 can differentiate 16,384 shades of a given wavelength. HCA = Datron testing in California, USA The ESA is currently developing the Sentinel constellation of satellites. ERTS spacecraft represent the first step in merging space and remote-sensing technologies into a system for, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) - 1973, Landsat Adds to World Memory - October 2011, The global Landsat archive: Status, consolidation, and direction, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Orbited the Earth at 917 km (570 mi) in a sun-synchronous, near-polar orbit, Circled the Earth every 103 minutes, or fourteen orbits a day, Had an 18-day repeat cycle with an equatorial crossing time of 9:30 a.m. +/- 15 minutes, Acquired data on the Worldwide Reference System-1 (WRS-1) path/row system, with swath overlap (or sidelap) varying from 14 percent at the Equator to a maximum of approximately 85 percent at 81 degrees extreme latitudes. SAC = Santiago, Chile 1 = Landsat Satellites 1, 2, 3 The r. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)-NASA Landsat Science Team (LST) met at the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center near Sioux Falls, SD, from October 29-31, 2013. Discover all our resources by clicking search. There are three Landsat archive maps: Landsat 4 9 daytime, Landsat 4 9 nighttime, and Landsat 1 3. 8 = Less than or equal to 4 equivalent bad scans, clustered S = Satellite The (1972-1992), 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, VA 20192, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands), Region 12: Pacific Islands (American Samoa, Hawaii, Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, USGS Landsat - Earth Observation Satellites Fact Sheet, USGS EROS Archive - Landsat Archives - Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 Level-2 Science Products, USGS EROS Archive - Landsat Archives - Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus Collection 2 Level-1 Data, USGS EROS Archive - Landsat Archives - Landsat 4-5 Thematic Mapper Collection 2 Level-1 Data, USGS EROS Archive - Landsat Archives - Landsat 1-5 Multispectral Scanner Collection 2 Level-1 Data, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center, HTTPS Download within 6 hours of acquisition, TIRS/TIRS-2 Thermal bands: 100 meters (resampled to 30 meters to match multispectral bands), Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG)Cubic Convolution (CC) resampling, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) map projection (Polar Stereographic for Antarctica), 12 meter circular error, 90% confidence global accuracy for OLI/OLI-2, 41 meter circular error, 90% confidence global accuracy for TIRS.TIRS-2, Landsat 9 Data User Handbook (Coming Soon). Band 1 reflects blues and violets, where light is scattered by dust, smoke, and water particles in the air. a panchromatic band with 15m spatial resolution. 0 = Worst Operational Land Imager (OLI) generates 9 spectral bands (Band 1 to 9) and is onboard Landsat-8. The forward motion of the satellite provided the along-track scan line progression. LINEAR = Linear mode used to acquire all bands The Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation built Landsat 9s Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2). h3. OLI Test Patterns WGS84 = World Geodetic System 1984, Values: HAJ = Hatoyama, Japan MM = Minute(s) with a range of 0 through 59 Forty of the most inspiring, beautiful satellite images were selected to be displayed in the online Earth as Art gallery. EDC = Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA (aka LGS) A long string of Earth-observing orbiters began with NASA's Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS). The most recent Landsat satellite, Landsat 9, was launched on 27 September 2021.[4]. Landsat 4, launched in 1982, was the first to carry the Thematic Mapper (TM). Satellite imaging companies sell images by licensing them to governments and businesses such as Apple Maps and Google Maps. Improved signal to noise performance enables improved characterization of land cover state and condition. FFF = Foreign (non-North American) Receiving Site Preliminary = Initial estimated SSM position information was used to process the data and reprocessing will occur once SSM encoder telemetry are available. M = Band is missing Outlasting its one-year design, Landsat 1 retired in January 1978. SAM = SAM (Scan Angle Monitor) mode, Values: Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Landsat 8 images have 15-meter panchromatic and 30-meter multi-spectral spatial resolutions along a 185 km (115 mi) swath. The radiometric resolution of Sentinel-2 is 12-bit. Landsat 7 provides a fresh global perspective of the consistent long-term archive. In comparison, Landsat 8 provides 12-bit data and 4,096 shades, and Landsat 7 detects only 256 shades with its 8-bit resolution. Collect and archive medium resolution (30-meter spatial resolution) multispectral image data affording seasonal coverage of the global landmasses for a period of no less than 5 years. TIRS Blackbody The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team, The Landsat program has a long history of providing remotely sensed data to the user community. 16_POINT_SINC = 16-point sinc (sin(x)/(x) There are three Landsat archive maps: Landsat 4 9 daytime, Landsat 4 9 nighttime, and Landsat 1 3. TIRS = Thermal Infrared 10th Anniversary of Free and Open Landsat Archives, Since 2017, the orbit ofLandsat7 has drifted outside its nominal mission requirement toward an earlier acquisition time because of limited onboard fuel resources. All Collection 2 Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 Level-1 data are processed using the Landsat Product Generation System (LPGS) with the following parameters applied: Landsat Tiers are the inventory structure for Landsat Collection Level-1 data products and are based on data quality and level of processing. -90.0000 through +90.00000, Values: Final = The TIRS data was reprocessed with updated SSM encoder telemetry. The ETM+ contains eight spectral bands, including a pan and thermal band: Band 4 Near-Infrared (0.77 - 0.90 m) 30 m, Band 5 Short-wave Infrared (1.55 - 1.75 m) 30 m, Band 6 Thermal (10.40 - 12.50 m) 60 m Low Gain / High Gain, Band 7 Mid-Infrared (2.08 - 2.35 m) 30 m, Band 8 Panchromatic (PAN) (0.52 - 0.90 m) 15 m, Ground Sampling Interval (pixel size): 30 m reflective, 60 m thermal, Added the Band 6 Low and High gain 60 m thermal bands, On-board calibration was added to Landsat 7: a Full Aperture Solar Calibrator (FASC) and a Partial Aperture Solar Calibrator (PASC), in addition to the 2 calibration lamps. - 90.0000000 through + 90.0000000 degrees, Values: Landsat 8 (formerly the Landsat Data Continuity Mission, or LDCM) was launched on an Atlas-V rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California on February 11, 2013. 5-6 = Fair (moderate quality issues and/or errors detected) Aboard a Delta 900 rocket, NASAs Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) launched July 23, 1972, from Vandenburg Air Force Base in California. About four months later, all Landsat data was made available at no cost. 060 = Equator (Descending) Landsat 7 carries the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) sensor, an improved version of the Thematic Mapper instruments that were onboard Landsat 4 and Landsat 5. The ECCOE Landsa. H = Hemisphere with N for north and S for south. The first Landsat satellite in the 21st century, Landsat 8 provides vital information with two new instruments. Coverage Maps indicating the availability of Landsat 8-9 Collection products are available for download. 0.00 - 100.00 The satellite was designed to last one year, but surpassed expectations by orbiting an additional five years before being decommissioned on January 6, 1978. A product summary statistics page is also provided for Landsat 1 9. BUMPER = Bumper mode The Landsat 7 mission, successfully launched on April 15, 1999, continues those observations and demonstrates significant progress in precise numerical radiometry, spectral differentiation, and seasonally repetitive monitoring. N = Scene was not used for Full Aperture Solar Calibration, Values: Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. 0 = Worst The Landsat Archive Dashboard provides interactive map views of Landsat Collection 2 products per WRS-1 or WRS-2 by Path/Row. An official website of the United States government. The image is 300 m across. ASTER is a cooperative effort between NASA, Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), and Japan Space Systems (J-spacesystems). OLI = Operational Land Imager MI = Minute Landsat 7 was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California on April 15, 1999 on a Delta II rocket. Yet that On February 1, 2018, at 7:12 a.m. CST, Landsat 7 began its 100,000th orbit. The approximate scene size is 170 km north-south by 183 km east-west (106 mi by 114 mi). Values: The MSSsensors were line-scanning devices observing the Earth perpendicular to the orbital track. Values: February 11 will mark the 5th anniversary of the launch of Landsat 8! It was found that LANDSAT 4 MSS produces high-quality data of the caliber experienced with previous LANDSATS. LGN = Landsat Ground Network (Landsat 8) NP4 = North Pole, Alaska, USA 4 = Landsat satellite #4 OLI Shutter Integration Time Sweep 7 = Less than or equal to 4 equivalent bad scans, scattered Both, Format: HOM = Hotine Oblique Mercator The first images from space were taken on sub-orbital flights. ETM+ - along-track direction The RapidEye constellation was retired by Planet in April 2020. The spatial resolution of its images will be 15 m (49 ft) for the panchromatic band and 30 m (98 ft) for the multispectral bands. Without an operating SLC, the sensors line of sight traces a zig-zag pattern along the satellite ground track. The signal-to-noise ratio exceeds specifications, except for band 3, channel 4; and band 7 channel 7 is very noisy but still meets specifications. Currently, 7 missions are planned, each for a different application. CBA = Canberra, Australia Subsequent efforts to recover the SLC were not successful, and the failure is permanent. Once scenes are added to a Bulk Order via Earth Explorer, the Bulk Download Application can be used to automatically retrieve them with little to no user interaction. L1GT = L1GT Data New York London: The Guilford Press, Catherine Betts told the Associated Press (2007), Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, Timeline of first images of Earth from space, "First Picture from Explorer VI Satellite", "When was the Landsat 9 satellite launched? Collecting data with enough sensitivity at this spectrum is difficult. Campbell (2002)[6] defines these as follows: The resolution of satellite images varies depending on the instrument used and the altitude of the satellite's orbit. The ASTER is an imaging instrument onboard Terra, the flagship satellite of NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) launched in December 1999. Learn a general overview of the Landsat Science Products. Several other countries have satellite imaging programs, and a collaborative European effort launched the ERS and Envisat satellites carrying various sensors. 3 = Landsat satellite #3 Beginning with Landsat 5, thermal infrared imagery was also collected (at coarser spatial resolution than the optical data). 123-183 = Southern Hemisphere (Ascending) SLC-OFF (2003-present) 1-2 = Extremely Poor (severe quality issues and/or errors detected) N = No, a browse does not exist for this scene. Southeast (SE) Corner Latitude and Longitude Eyes on Earth is a podcast on remote sensing, Earth observation, land change and science, brought to you by the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center. that has been processed by LACS. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a satellite-based sensor used for earth and climate measurements.There are two MODIS sensors in Earth orbit: one on board the Terra (EOS AM) satellite, launched by NASA in 1999; and one on board the Aqua (EOS PM) satellite, launched in 2002. LT08_L1GT_137206_20170202_20170215_01_T2 = TIRS data only. LO08_L1TP_021047_20150304_20170227_01_T1= OLI data only Since 1972, the joint U.S. Geological Survey / NASA Landsat series of Earth Observation satellites have continuously acquired images of the Earths land surface, providing uninterrupted data to help land managers and policymakers make informed decisions about natural resources and the environment. A product summary statistics page is also provided for Landsat 1 9. The U.S-launched V-2 flight on October 24, 1946 took one image every 1.5 seconds. HH = Hour (00-23) DDD = Day of Acquisition Year While these data meet the quality standards and have the same geometric precision as data acquired on and after April 11, 2013, the geographic extents of each scene may differ. [citation needed] Preprocessing, such as image destriping, is often required. ETM+ - across-track direction The Landsat era that began in 1972 will continue into the future, since the February 2013 launch of the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (renamed Landsat 8 on May 30, 2013). ABN = Abuja, Nigeria In the commercial high-resolution satellite market, EROS is the smallest very high resolution satellite; it is very agile and thus enables very high performances. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. The satellite carries the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) instruments. 5 = Less than or equal to 16 equivalent bad scans, scattered ), Delivered Landsat 8-9 Level-1 data typically include both OLI and TIRS data files; however, there may be OLI-only and/or TIRS-only scenes in the USGS archive. WGS84 = World Geodetic System 1984, Values: + = Indicates change from low to high gain In this episode, we learn about the process that has gradually added millions of earlier Landsat scenes to the 50-year archive. [9] The GeoEye-1 satellite has high resolution imaging system and is able to collect images with a ground resolution of 0.41meters (16inches) in panchromatic or black and white mode. The Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) are onboard the Landsat 8 satellite, have acquired images of the Earth since February 2013. ABG = Awutu Bawjiase, Ghana UPR = Mayagez, Puerto Rico This 2021 publicationdescribes the research conducted into the science capability of Landsat 7 ETM+ data, while the satellite is drifting in orbit. After entering the lower orbit, the Landsat 7 satellitewill be available for servicing byNASA's On-Orbit Servicing, Assembly, and Manufacturing-1 (OSAM-1)mission. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. An official website of the United States government. Worldwide cooperators receiving Landsat data via direct reception and downlink. TEST = Test Data Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Updated quarterly to show the growth of the USGS Landsat data archive and data distribution. PlanetScope Scene and OrthoTile imagery products are available for download in The mirror has a polished area of 26.3 m 2 (283 sq ft), of which 0.9 m 2 (9.7 sq ft) is obscured by the secondary support struts, giving a total Collection 2Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number: /10.5066/P975CC9B, Landsat 8-9 OLI/TIRS Collection 2 Level-2Digital Object Identifier (DOI) number:10.5066/P9OGBGM6. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. In recognition of the 30th anniversary of the Landsat program in 2002, staff at USGS EROS selected some Landsat images to undergo creative enhancements. For such reasons, publicly available satellite image datasets are typically processed for visual or scientific commercial use by third parties. Less mainstream uses include anomaly hunting, a criticized investigation technique involving the search of satellite images for unexplained phenomena. The EarthExplorer (EE) user interface is an online search, discovery, and ordering tool developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS). EE supports the searching of satellite, aircraft, and other remote sensing inventories through interactive and textual-based query capabilities.. Image interpretation and analysis of satellite imagery is conducted using specialized remote sensing software. FILM = Film 120-122 = Southern Polar Zone (Descending) The primary features on Landsat 7 include a panchromatic band with 15 meter spatial resolution, an onboard full aperture solar calibrator, five percent absolute radiometric calibration, and a thermal infrared channel with a four-fold improvement in spatial resolution over Thematic Mapper (TM). RSA = Riyadh, Saudi Arabia OLI - across-track direction Values: SRT = Si Racha, Thailand L2SP = L2 Science Products (SP) Data The most frequently used measure, based upon the geometriC properties of an imaging system, is the instantaneous field of view (IFOV) of a sensor. The satellite carries the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) instruments. LGS = Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA (aka EDC) Longitude Format Decimal Degrees: -180.000 through 180.000.