Personal histories of students are ignored and therefore students do not carry the stigma of past experiences with them in the school. Favourable school climates are characterized by non-arbitrary rule enforcement, rewarding of appropriate behaviour, and positive interactions between students and teachers (Reinke and Herman 2002). Many of these features of the core can be understood as not only socializing children into being students, but also preparing them for life as adults within bureaucracies. As noted by Raby (2005), the language of school codes of conduct suggests that young people are seen to be incomplete, at risk, and in need of guidance, a position that legitimizes school rules and their enforcement (p. 73).
School as an Agent of Socialization - 570 Words | Essay Example Within the school setting, social competence is achieved when students embrace and achieve socially sanctioned goals. What concerns do critics of home schooling have about the socialization of home schooled children? In Canada, children from elementary to high school levels spend about seven hours a day at school for about 200 days of the year. Critics argue, however, that further demarcating tasks as masculine and feminine continues to promote very narrow gender roles (Greig 2003). Canadian researchers have examined the meanness of girls in relation to their popularity (Currie and Kelly 2006; Currie, Kelly, and Pomerantz 2007). The physical and emotional abuse experienced by children from other childrenotherwise known as bullying. Such factors include parental influence, lack of role models, and the lowered expectations of teachers. She notes that while dress code infractions for girls typically are focused on body containment (e.g., showing too much cleavage), for boys it is about containing ethnic or racial identities. Character education is part of the official curriculum in some parts of the country. Students develop valuable knowledge and skills that will allow them to make informed decisions as they become independent citizens. In school, we also learn social skills through our interactions with teachers, staff, and other students.
Social Stratification In Education Secondary socialization refers to the social learning that children undergo when they enter other social institutions, like school. The narrowing of standardized test scores between males and femalesand across countrieshowever, strongly points to the differences as being cultural constructions that are shifting as the result of changing norms of socialization (Penner 2008). If students believe that their teacher has lower expectations of them, this can result in a self-fulfilling prophecy of low achievement.
4.3 Agents of Socialization Sociology - University of Minnesota The majority of these codes tend to focus on issues surrounding dress codes and behaviour toward other students, teachers, and staff, while some include zero tolerance policies. This also has the effect of creating resentment and rule breaking among students, especially when they see the rules as pointless and arbitrary. This is a basic but surprisingly complex and difficult process that benefits from experience, knowledge and effort. In this chapter, the complex role of socialization within schools was introduced.
9 Best Secondary Socialization Examples (2023) - Helpful Box 6.4 Alternative Approaches to School Rules. This is a community-based school that offers mentoring to marginalized children and youth. His teacher More participatory models of school rule enforcement and creation do exist, however, such as in alternative schools (see Box 6.4). 2003). The Manitoba Ministry of Education describes Consumer Mathematics in the following way: The Consumer Mathematics curriculum emphasizes number sense, consumer problem solving, and decision making. That streaming has a positive effect on the academic attainment of high-ability groups has been documented by Ansalone (2001, 2003), although these gains are arguably at the expense of students in the lower-ability tracks (Sweet et al. Moral education and character education are even found in some provinces curricula (Box 6.1). 2007). 2007). They suggest, interestingly, that drinking and sexual behaviours of young people can be perceived as festive social interactions and [a source of] popularity among teens and emerging adults, as well as representing a problem behaviour (Sussman et al. Check provincial ministry of education websites for curriculum requirements and identify the differences between streams. Examine how official documents discuss the objectives of the different groups of courses. Raby (2005) and Pomerantz (2007) also suggest that dress codes are more likely to be enforced on more physically developed females or those who belong to stigmatized subgroups (e.g., Goths). For example, if a child came from an absent family, or was put in a school or daycare when they were an infant or toddler, a school-like institution may influence primary socialization (Whitbeck, 1999). Describe how peer victimization, peer rejection, and relational aggression impact on the socialization experiences of students. Many codes of conduct in Canadian schools specify attire that is deemed unacceptable for wearing to school. Below are the topics covered by both streams at grades 10, 11, & 12. What solutions are being offered? 3. Families and schools are major contributors to socialization, but there are other systems of socialization within ecological systems theory. course sequence provides for the study of texts at a variety of different levels of sophistication, to meet the needs of a more diverse student population in terms of student aspirations and abilities, students who aspire to post-secondary education, but not necessarily to careers related to the English language arts, may register in this course sequence. If they do not go to school, how do they learn many of the basic skills that are engrained in the early years of the school experience? How a teacher approaches the issue of gender can have a lasting impact on how children understand the perceived socially acceptable roles for males and females. Pomerantz (2008) studied the school identities of girls at a high school on Vancouvers east side. Opponents to uniforms argue that they impinge on students self-expression, create a disciplinarian environment, and do little to equalize social class differences among students. Recall from Chapter 2 that Boudon discussed how secondary effectslike the aforementioned characteristicscan impact on educational attainment because they influence the types of educational choices made by a student and his or her family. Such instances spark debate around the role of schools in promoting particular social values. Brint (1998) identifies three major zones of socialization within classrooms (see Figure 6.2). What problems are being identified? Illustrate how peer groups contribute to the social identity of students. Typically, socialization is thought of as something that happens to young people, but socialization occurs throughout ones lifetime. School climate refers to the sense of belonging to a school community. A child must develop skills that allow him or her to function socially, emotionally, and intellectually within the school environment. Look on the internet for official curriculum documents about moral education in Canada. The school setting now begins to take on some of the roles that previously only family members fulfilledbut in markedly different ways. In other words, inherent to such arguments are notions that only men can teach to male students and that the loss of males from the profession and the subsequent lowering of boys scores relative to girls is evidence of how feminization of the school is harming boys (Froese-Germain 2006). The role of teachers as a new authority figure in students lives was introduced earlier. For example, in 2010, two Winnipeg teachers were under investigation after performing a sexually suggestive dirty dance at a high school dance competition. Sussman et al. Changes in specific school dress codes shift according to trends in popular fashion. WebLets examine some of the major theories of socialization, which are summarized in Table 4.1 Theory Snapshot. During the process of cultural conformity, children learn about accepted perspectives and styles of expression. Asked about the inappropriateness of their behaviour, one student was quoted as saying, Theyre not setting a good example if theyre going to be doing that. What reasons have parents given for home schooling their children? Schools codes of conduct serve to penalize those who do not conform. 2007), teens in the deviant groups tended to have lower self-esteem and life satisfaction compared to other groups, and also tended to have poor parenting. As noted by Krahn and Taylor (2007), labour shortages in the area of skilled trades have also supported the arguments for streaming because such shortages point to a need for more vocational training opportunities in Canadian high schools, which of course are associated with the non-academic stream. Examples-socialization must occur for a high school freshman to adjust to their new situation. Individual subjects in school also have a tendency to be sex-stereotyped. As noted by Reinke and Herman (2002), schools tend to have personalities of their own. Peer victimization and rejection have been found to be associated with psychological distress that carries over into adulthood (Ambert 1994; Bagwell, Newcomb, and Bukowski 1998; Roff 1990; Roth, Coles, and Heimberg 2002). The socialization of students through the use of school rules, including dress codes and uniforms, was also addressed. The sense of belonging to a school community; can influence behavioural outcomes in students. The deviants category encapsulated a very diverse collection of peer groups including burnouts, stoners, skaters, rebels, punks, partiers, and various alternative groups (including those defined by sexual orientation). Streaming not only influences the course choices of students, but also contributes to the overall socialization of children and adolescents in schools. As noted earlier in this chapter, students with social and emotional disabilities are more likely to be punished under school disciplinary codes of conduct. Arai (2000) found in a study of Canadian parents who home schooled their children that most indicated that they objected to specific parts of public education rather than the institution as a whole. Teachers are more than just a new person from whom the child must take direction; they influence the socialization of children in several ways. There is one teacher for a large group of children and the relationship with the teacher is less personal than a childparent relationship. Even when accounting for numerous childhood risk factors such as social class of origin, gender, and antisocial behaviour, having been verbally abused by a teacher in early childhood was associated with behavioural problems in adulthood. The main thrust of this argument is that teaching staff are disproportionately comprised of females who value certain behaviours (like passivity and obedience, which tend to be found more in girls) and subject matter (like reading, which does not appeal to males as much), and that to improve boys performance, more males must be brought into the profession (Skelton 2002; Titus 2004). They had a higher likelihood of participating in risky and illegal behaviour. In 2001, the Ontario Ministry of Education instituted the Safe Schools Act, which was designed to address violence and behavioural problems in schools. Recent immigrant youth may also be placed in lower tracks due to their English language skills, rather than their overall academic ability (Sweet et al. Raby (2005) further argues that school codes of conduct reflect middle-class, often White, and rather gendered values. School dress codes can be a particularly contentious topic, particularly when the dress code rules appear to be targeting particular groups and if they do not appear to be enforced fairly. As well, previous research has shown that, like bully victims, rejected children report being lonely (Asher, Hymel, and Renshaw 1984) and are more likely to be depressed (Vosk, Forehand, Parker, and Rickard 1982) than integrated peers. Such rules were routinely broken and created resentment among students for what they perceived as ridiculous rules that teachers spent far too much time enforcing, and were often seen to enforce in targeted and unegalitarian ways. The dimension of socialization in which children learn about accepted perspectives and styles of expression, which reflect normative cultural values. They found that popular girls held the most power and displayed this power in their ability to police the adherence to numerous unspoken rules about other girls dress and behaviour. The argument that because school teachers are almost exclusively female, schools are a place where male interests are not cultivated. What are the rationales given for dress codes and school uniforms? American research has found that the home schooled tend to succeed when they attend university (Ray 2004) and were more likely to have at least some college education compared to the general American population. In an analysis of streaming processes by province, Krahn and Taylor (2007) examined how course selection limited the post-secondary education options available to students in selected provinces.
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